Tag: dr who

The London Tube (Undergound) 150th Anniversary on 9th Jan 2013

09/01/2014 – Today is the 151 years anniversary of the London Underground!

On 9th January 1863, The world’s first underground passenger train pulled out of  Industrial Revolution (West London) and made its maiden 3.5 mile (5.6km) journey to Faringdon, East Central London.

London’s subterranean train system is known as London Underground, Underground or the Tube (due to the tube-shaped deeper tunnels). Other countries refer to their underground train systems as Metros or subways.

London led the way with developing and running a viable city-wide underground train network, of course the first trains then were not electric but steam-powered.

England and Britain also led the world in steam engine technology, as witnessed in the Industrial Revolution, which dramatically changed the world of industry, transport  and manufacturing. The first Underground train line was built by the Metropolitan Railway Company. The line relieved  overground main line trains and road traffic congestion  between Euston, King Cross and  Paddington.

The first underground railways in London, the Metropolitan Railway (MR) and the Metropolitan District Railway (MDR), used purpose-built steam locomotives to haul their trains through shallow tunnels which had many ventilation openings to allow steam and smoke to clear from the tunnels. It was impossible to use steam locomotives in the small un-vented tubular tunnels of the deep-level lines an alternative to steam had to be found.

Electric locomotives were first used on the London Underground after the world’s  first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway (C&SLR), was opened in 1890. The trains began running between Stockwell (Northern Line today) and King William Street.

Londoners found it a novelty to travel underground and long queues formed at the stations with 25,000 passengers using the system in the first six months. Today the Underground   carries approx 3.5 million passengers on weekdays between 270 stations and 250 miles of track of which 45% is underground. In 2012 over 1 billion passengers used the Tube.

During World War 2 1939-1945, some of the deeper tunnels and stations were used as air raid shelters by thousands of Londoners, some were kitted with bunk beds.

WW2 Air raid shelter at Aldwych tube station

WW2 Air raid shelter at Aldwych Underground train station, London

Driving a Tube Train

1967 tube driving controls

1967 tube driving controls

The driving controls of a tube train have grown in sophistication over the years. The most well known control is the so called  ‘dead mans handle’ a safety switch/pedal on a piece of machinery, such as a train, that allows operation only while depressed by the operator so if the driver is incapacitated, the train wil automatically stop.

Tube Driver Robyn and controls 2013

Tube Driver Robyn and her more modern driving controls 2013

From about 1987 the new Docklands Light Railway (DLR) has driverless trains controlled by computers. A Passenger Service Agant (PSA) AKA a Train Captain patrols the moving train, checking tickets/fares and can take manual control of the train if there are problems. Plans are being put forward to extend driverless trains throughout the London Underground. with fierce opposition from the militant transport  unions. Technical and safety issues of adopting such trains on the much more complex and heavily used main underground networks, means that this is some time away.

Driverless Tube trains DLR

Driverless Tube trains on the DLR

Train Guards

Up to 1984, the tube trains had a guard located in the end carriage. The guard ensured that passengers got &  off the train safely and judged when to close,  operated the electric sliding doors, lights to each carriage and informed/signalled the driver when to depart a station when all passengers were on board after closing the doors. Seeing this as a cost saving exercise by Tube companies which could compromise passenger safety, the union dominated tube staff managed to delay removal of guards from 1973. Tube train drivers benefitted with a large increase in salary as they operated the doors etc. It has to be said that having a guard on a  tube train did offer reassurance to passengers, particularly those travelling late at night.

The guard's station on the last carriage of the train, note the worn operating buttons!

The guard’s station on the last carriage of the train, note the worn operating buttons!  Located on the top left hand corner of the operating panel  is a speaking tube connected to the tube train driver. The botton left below the panel is a pull down (green) seat for the guard.

The London Tube  is the world’s second largest metro system in the  in terms of route miles, after the Shanghai Metro.

In high summer, the tube trains can get very hot almost unbearable during rush crush hour!

Air conditioned trains are now being introduced on some lines.

It is more problematical to get air conditioning on deeper tunnel lines  like the Northern Line, but engineers are looking at this.

Over recent years, major engineering work on upgrading very old tracks  signalling, trains and stations has been underway.

Since the early 1960s, as a child, I have used the Tube going on outings with my parents.  So far, for the past fifty years, I’ve continued to use the Tube every day to commute to work and for travelling generally in London, I remember the inside of the carriages(cars) having wood effect panelling and domestic type light bulbs, which would go out for a few minutes as we entered the tunnel, plunging the car into utter darkness 🙁 Nowadays the lighting is more stable!

Tube Train station circa 1960s

Piccadilly Circus Tube Train station circa 1960s

Interior of Tube train carriage circa 1938

Interior of Tube train carriage circa 1938

Circa 1960s interior of a Tube train carriage (car)

Circa 1960s interior of a Tube train carriage (car)

Tube  train carriage Interior 2013, some trains have air conditioning(Photo by Peter)


2013 Tube train carriage Interior, some trains have air con.(Photo by Peter)

 

Around 19 000 people work at the London Underground and after the Tube stations close in the early hours , an army of engineers, maintenance workers  and cleaners descend the depths to work overnight to make the system ready for commuters and travellers by 5-6am every day.

I  like the underground and the stations, there is a buzz and vibrancy, generally friendly and helpful staff. I can feel the history of using the world’s oldest underground train system, some of the stations have unique atmospheres even their own ghosts!  Many movies and TV shows such as BBC’s ‘Dr Who’,  have used the Underground.  The latest James Bond Movie ‘SKYFAL’L features an exciting action sequence on the Tube!  Dedicated moves have been made on the Tube,  horror movies ‘Death Line’ and’ Creep’!

Horror movie made on the Tube 'Creep', what happen to fare dodgers :)

Horror movie made on the Tube ‘Creep’, see what happens to fare dodgers !

The Tube fares are among the highest in Europe however some discount can be obtained using the innovative prepaid ‘ Oyster’ cards.

Another recent innovation is the ability to use bank debit cards on Oyster fare machines to save queueing and paying at ticket offices.

Prepaid fare Oyster card denoting 150 years of the Tube (Photo by Peter

Prepaid fare Oyster card denoting 150 years of the Tube (Photo by Peter)

On Sunday 13th January, the Mayor of London Boris Johnson, dignitaries &  international VIPs will travel  in coaches pulled by an 1898-built steam engine, known as Met Locomotive No 1. to recreate that first historic underground journey.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY to the travellers TUBE!

 

Sketch made in 1863 of the world’s first city underground train system at Baker Street

 

Steam trains on the early London Underground in the 1860s

Steam locomotive no 1 used on the early London Underground before electric trains

First electric tube  train circa 1890

1923 Electric Locomotive no. 12 “Sarah Siddons”

Electric and steam Tube trains together

One of the latest model London Tube trains with air conditioning

Flag flying from the top of the London Transport HQ in London(photo by Peter)

Flag denoting 150 years flying from the top of the London Underground HQ in St James’s Park, London(photo by Peter iPhone from work office opposite!)

 

 

 

 

Sir Patrick Moore – A Legend Passes

Astronomy

Sir Patrick Moore – A Legend Passes

 

4th March 1923 – 9th December 2012

I was very saddened to hear of the death of Sir Patrick Moore today.  I had the pleasure of meeting him in the 1970s, at his home in Selsey, West Sussex. My friend and I (both keen amateur astronomers) were staying at my aunt’s house in Bognor Regis, West Sussex (where Patrick once lived), not too far from Selsey. We arranged through his secretary to meet him. The following morning We walked along the beach/coast from Bognor to Selsey, the long walk was worth it.   

Patrick came out to meet us larger than life. He took the time to show my friend and I around his home and telescopes, while chatting.  He was a friendly and genial man. We then met Mr Spry, who made some of Patrick’s telescopes, he showed us around his workshop located in the big back former bedroom of his house!

I met Sir Patrick again a few years ago at the book  signing of his biography. I mentioned that I had met him before at his Selsey home and mentioned Mr Spry. in his characteristic manner he replied that Mr Spry was “Sadly no longer with us” having passed away some years earlier.

Patrick Moore brought astronomy to many and inspired many to take up the telescope, including Professor Brian Cox,  Brian May, rock star guitarist of Queen, who trained as an astrophysicist.

Brian May, who published a book on astronomy written with Moore, described him as a “dear friend, and a kind of father figure to me”. He said: “Patrick was the last of a lost generation, a true gentleman, the most generous in nature that I ever knew, and an inspiration to thousands in his personal life, and to millions through his 50 years of unique broadcasting. It’s no exaggeration to say that Patrick, in his tireless and ebullient communication of the magic of astronomy, inspired every British astronomer, amateur and professional, for half a century. There will never be another Patrick Moore. But we were lucky enough to get one.”

British space scientist Maggie Aderin-Pocock said she was first inspired to “look at the night sky” through Sir Patrick.

“Through his regular monthly programmes he was telling us what to look for and what was out there and that was a real inspiration.

“Why [The Sky At Night] was so successful is because of his passion. He branched an amazing era, he was broadcasting before we actually went into space and so he saw a change in our understanding of the universe and he took us all the way through that, right up to today.”

He believed he was the only person to have met Orville Wright, the first man to fly; Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space and Neil Armstrong, the first man on the Moon. Patrick also met Einstein.

Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 2001 for “services to the popularisation of science and to broadcasting”.

He was able  to  explain the intricacies of astronomy the universe and put in laymans terms. He was a gifted amateur who acquired the knowledge of a professional. Indeed he was an expert on the moon, his favourite celestial body, his lunar maps and data were used by both NASA and the Russian space agency.

His trade mark monocle, wit and idiosyncratic style of speech endeared him to an army of fans spanning the generations.

Besides his astronony he was a musician proficent in playing the piano and his favourite the xylophone

He appeared in many TV shows factual and fun including Hitchhikers Guide To The Galaxy , Dr Who and Gamesmaster (an early review/contest using PC games). e was an impressionists delight because of his idiosyncratic manner, he did not mind this and enjoyed self parody.

From Global Granary last year

Patrick said that he has no family, his fiancee, Lorna, who was a nurse was killed in an air raid in London when they were both 20 during the war. On her death, he knew that he will never going to get married. Fortunately, he was very close to his mother so Patrick was not totally alone. She lived with him in his house in Selsey in Sussex till her death at the age of 94.

Patrick recalls that he was a fairly studious boy and was already reading P. G. Wodehouse when he was nine years old. His education was already mapped out from an early age. He was to go to a prep school and then Eton and finally Cambridge. However, Patrick ended up being home-schooled as he was found to be suffering from a heart condition. He did pass his entrance to Cambridge but the WWII happened and joined the Air Force instead.

With his Woodstock typewriter, Patrick wrote more than a hundred books, including Science Fiction novels but his first book was a translation of a book by a French astronomer about Mars. His first “own” book was Guide to the Moon which is still in stock today.

Patrick Moore is a cricket enthusiast. He played as a spin bowler but had to give up at age 78 when an old spine injury from the war has started to bother him. Patrick can no longer walk, he can use his hands with great difficulty, which meant giving up his trusty old Woodstock  typewriter on which he had written over 170 books, he eschewed using a word processor/ computer.

Patrick was devoted to his cats, Jeannie and Ptolemy. The cats have their own fountained garden, ensuring that they are safe from harm and diseases like cat-flu. There is a note in his house saying “The house is maintained entirely for the convenience of the cat.”

Despite his health, Patrick still writes. His latest is The Data Book of Astronomy. His interest in Astronomy was started from reading his mother’s copy of GF Chambers’ The Story of the Solar System. He got himself a binoculars and then saved up for a little telescope. At the age of 11, he joined the British Astronomical Association and became the youngest member.

Patrick Moore has presented The Sky at Night every month, bar one, beginning 1957. As Astronomy is Patrick passion, his work was more of a hobby.

From BBC a few minutes ago

British astronomer and broadcaster Sir Patrick Moore has died, aged 89, his friends and colleagues have said.

He “passed away peacefully at 12:25 BST this afternoon” at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, they said in a statement.

Sir Patrick presented the BBC programme The Sky At Night for over 50 years, making him the longest-running host of the same television show ever.

He wrote dozens of books on astronomy and his research was used by the US and the Russians in their space programmes.

A statement by his friends and staff said: “After a short spell in hospital last week, it was determined that no further treatment would benefit him, and it was his wish to spend his last days in his own home, Farthings, where he today passed on, in the company of close friends and carers and his cat Ptolemy.

“Over the past few years, Patrick, an inspiration to generations of astronomers, fought his way back from many serious spells of illness and continued to work and write at a great rate, but this time his body was too weak to overcome the infection which set in, a few weeks ago.

Through his regular monthly programmes he was telling us what to look for and what was out there and that was a real inspiration”

“He was able to perform on his world record-holding continuous TV programme The Sky at Night right up until the most recent episode.

“His executors and close friends plan to fulfil his wishes for a quiet ceremony of interment, but a farewell event is planned for what would have been Patrick’s 90th birthday in March 2013.”

Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore was born at Pinner, Middlesex on 4 Mar 1923.

Heart problems meant he spent much of his childhood being educated at home and he became an avid reader. His mother gave him a copy of GF Chambers’ book, The Story of the Solar System, and this sparked his lifelong passion for astronomy.

When war came he turned down a place at Cambridge and lied about his age to join the RAF, serving as a navigator with Bomber Command and rising to the rank of Flight Lieutenant.

Patrick said last year  “I am near the end of my life now but I don’t think it ends here. If it did, the entire thing would be pointless. No, we go on to the next stage, Who knows? It might be somewhere I can learn to bat decently.”

– Patrick Moore on Afterlife and playing cricket.

To me, there truly will never be another like Patrick Moore, and it was a pleasure to meet him and follow him on TV and in books. I hope you get your batting average up in the next life! 

Douglas Adams – Author


Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so.
– Douglas Adams
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The answer to the great question of Life, the Universe and Everything is … forty two.
– Douglas Adams
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

We have normality. I repeat, we have normality. Anything you still can’t cope with is therefore your own problem.
– Douglas Adams

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Douglas Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was I think a brilliant & creative writer, he is known as a humourist and dramatist.  He is most famous for his so-called ‘trilogy’ of five books!  The Hitchhikers Guide To The Galaxy  (HHGTTG).

HHGTTG started as a popular  BBC radio series in 1987, Adams then expanded the story of hapless human Arthur Dent’s bizarre  adventures in space and time with a motley crew of aliens and  a paranoid android,  into series of best-selling books, over 15 million copies so far have been sold. The HHGTTG was made into a TV series in 1981, stage shows, DC (Superman) Comics ran the trilogy and a movie was finally made in 2005, after Adams’s death. The movie did reasonably well and in DVD format,  however we wonder what Douglas would have thought of the movie adaptation from his creation.

HHGTTG cleverly surreal and played around with philosophy, the meaning of life, Big Bang, End of the Universe, aliens, space travel, rock stars , real astronomical stars and of course hitch hiking!

Please read the books or listen to the recorded original radio series of which I think were the best iterations of the stories.

The wikipedia entry expands on HHGTTG

Adams also appeared in cult comedy Monty Pythons Flying Circus and he was a script writer and Editor for the BBC classic sci fi  series Dr Who.

After HHGTTG, Adams created Dirk Gently an eccentric ‘Oxbridge’ educated  private detective, who ran the ‘Holistic Detective Agency’, Dirk believed that all things and events were interconnected somehow making a complete bigger ‘picture’ (Holism), and tracing these interconnections would help Dirk  solve any case he was presented with.

The Dirk Gently character from the books were made into a BBC radio and TV series, sadly the BBC recently cut funding for a third TV series, just when it was getting popular 🙁

Adams died suddenly aged 49 when his fame was growing, he will be sadly missed for his original and unique thinking.

HHGTTG has built up a cult following.

As a tribute to Douglas, on 25 May each year since his passing,  fans around the universe proudly carry a towel in his honour. They also take pictures of themselves with their towels and post it everywhere on the net. Some fans gather to celebrate the event. Towel day is an act of love, and love is always better when you’re not a poor individual sitting on your own, alone. On this day, you’re also welcome to drink six pints of bitter and eat some peanuts (at lunchtime if possible). (you need to read the book to understand this!)

BUT WHY A TOWEL?

Serious hitchhikers on long travels must carry a towel

Let’s quote here The Hitchhiker’s guide to the galaxy?

“A towel, it says, is about the most massively useful thing an interstellar hitch hiker can have. Partly it has great practical value – you can wrap it around you for warmth as you bound across the cold moons of Jaglan Beta; you can lie on it on the brilliant marble-sanded beaches of Santraginus V, inhaling the heady sea vapours; you can sleep under it beneath the stars which shine so redly on the desert world of Kakrafoon; use it to sail a mini raft down the slow heavy river Moth; wet it for use in hand-to-hand-combat; wrap it round your head to ward off noxious fumes or to avoid the gaze of the Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal (a mindboggingly stupid animal, it assumes that if you can’t see it, it can’t see you – daft as a bush, but very, very ravenous); you can wave your towel in emergencies as a distress signal, and of course dry yourself off with it if it still seems to be clean enough.

More importantly, a towel has immense psychological value. For some reason, if a strag (strag: non-hitch hiker) discovers that a hitch hiker has his towel with him, he will automatically assume that he is also in possession of a toothbrush, face flannel, soap, tin of biscuits, flask, compass, map, ball of string, gnat spray, wet weather gear, space suit etc., etc. Furthermore, the strag will then happily lend the hitchhiker any of these or a dozen other items that the hitchhiker might accidentally have “lost”. What the strag will think is that any man who can hitch the length and breadth of the galaxy, rough it, slum it, struggle against terrible odds, win through, and still knows where his towel is clearly a man to be reckoned with”.

Douglas Adams: The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy